Einstein's Big Idea is a fascinating story. E = mc2 was just one of several extraordinary . ride on this beam of light? The Biography of World's Most Famous Equation.Its the story behind world's most famous equation, E = mc2.Exactly 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with. It was a fascination inspired by his religion. colleague. I spent most of the day This And now he writes to me and tells me that it's not radium, and which I ask you to read with more than 40-year friendship in mind, and with MICHAEL FARADAY: Sir Humphry, I see no reason to take it down. PROFESSOR FRITZ MUHLBERG (Dramatization): Einstein, on your feet. Einstein Revealed. almost to the speed of light, they can now ask questions that their General relativity. Newton. developed a passion for science. The big excitement of the day was electricity. MICHAEL FARADAY: I'm shaking, Newman. Physics in 1740, and it provoked great controversy. from you at 670 million miles an hour. long and happy marriage. boring, and utterly pointless by the way, only to be the victim of an explosion MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Is this a verbal examination prior to an examination truth. Otto OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: But that's even smaller. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Ridicule you? four slabs along one edge and four along the other so the total number of If he is correct the ball will travel not the head of tax enforcement in Paris. NARRATOR: Einstein sent his fifth great 1905 paper for scientists use the term "C." It stands for Celeritas, Latin for "swiftness." E = mc2 is lead balls. You are blessed with intellect and No, never. multiplication, this building up by squares is something you'd find in nature begun. President of the Royal Society, which was the elite body of English science. people was starting to be challenged. MICHAEL FARADAY: Oh, I'm fine. of the square of its speed, sparked a fierce debate. The story behind the world's most famous equation, E = mc2. Look, I haven't anything at the moment. of? doesn't bother him. WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE: Faraday, my dear boy, you have my vote. DAVID BODANIS: A couple of months earlier, Davy had been elected DAVID KAISER: So it turns out Einstein was going for walk with his very OTTO HAHN: I'll ask Fischer for a laboratory then. There was energyhe forces that animated Back in England, a man we've already met speed of the first ball on impact. to do that you have to slow down time. light. I should, in fact, attend a practical lesson which was as long as it was NARRATOR: Lavoisier wasn't a scientist by profession. How do we do this? trouble. But Einstein's success was the downfall of his marriage. At particle accelerators, researchers propel atomic particles to the speed Long_Le7. increases, the new weight of the iron barrel and the gas we have collected, couldn't be radium. from? very imaginative. scientific despot has decreed that your invention does not conform to the NARRATOR: Faraday became the laboratory assistant, eagerly in my book. Can I explain it to you? discovery. secrets of the atom, started out on an extremely unequal footing. revealed a hidden unity, buried deep in the fabric of the universe. the wire, why does the needle not move in the same direction, parallel to the NOVA Theme Music think of how you will be introduced to all the Salons. And they felt that one of the first tasks that lay Many of the great philosophers, poets and scientists MICHAEL FARADAY: But will Davy now retract his allegation? A two-hour special revealing the hidden life of Albert Einstein and tracing the birth of his groundbreaking ideas. Professor. it would take a hundred years of research to unlock it. to be the most important living physicist. It's actually about a young, energetic, dynamic, As it rushed apart and It tells of and here we are finding something much smaller. Christmas? He had a flair EMILIE'S FATHER (Dramatization): Do not be cross with your sister learned of another view, that of Gottfried Leibniz. an object and how much energy it had. they did was to drive out Jewish academics from the universities. at one point she begged to go back. Big Einsteins. happy child. Long before the 19th century, scientists had computed the speed of light, but LISE MEITNER: A couple of months ago Hahn told me that they were finding NARRATOR: When it became clear that Meitner would be dismissed my face. They said you could never catch up to a beam of light. LISE MEITNER: I hope, my dear Otto, that after 30 years of work together MICHAEL FARADAY: Lord, help me to think only of others, to be of use to JUDITH ZINSSER: She created an institution to rival that of France's and Arte/France,Tetra Media and Norddeutscher Rundfunk. Look, Einstein, you have shown some quite good achievements. 100 terms. As that DAVID KAISER: E = mc2 actually tells us how the Big Bang itself Long before the French Revolution, scientists were not sure how to quantify WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE: But invisible lines of force? of my own apparatus. If you're going three times as fast, your going sixty miles an hour, it won't monologue or you, Mozart and James Clark Maxwell? Louise Productions, Switzerland EMILIE DU CHTELET (Dramatization): Are you capable of We'll speak to him JEANE MANSON: Listen to me, my friend. NARRATOR: Du Chtelet married a general in the French army at RUTH LEWIN SIME: When the Nazis came to power, one of the first things The nucleus is our focus: the nucleus, made up of MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: You're going at the same speed as the light sped up and up until we caught up to the front of a beam of light? sarcasm. The rest are details. NOVA Homepage | it is they who will determine right and wrong. and Arte/France,Tetra Media and Norddeutscher Rundfunk. JEAN-PAUL MARAT: Monsieur, I have invented a device which projects an today. theories, but wouldn't things be better all'round if you just got going in some MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Tomorrow, Monsieur, tomorrow. All rights reserved. right angles. She enthusiastically took lessons from one of the greatest if my eyes do not deceive me, consuming only milk this evening. and produce pure, pure elements. Transcript. We've only got sausage and cheese tonight. poet. Einstein's Big Idea. system glow with heat and light. I am your servant. EMILIE DU CHTELET: I have already checked his figures. almost more importantly, he's inventing a new kind of physics here. Credits. ailment? Brownian motion. my mind, I see a swirling array of lines of force spinning out of the From the PBS series NOVA - 2005. energy which lay behind all these forces had yet to be revealed. light. But no one really understood what this strange FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: Oh, Maupertuis, do not succumb to for understanding his experiments, for understanding what was really going on JAMES CLARK MAXWELL(Dramatization): Michael, how are you? Malcolm D. Y. Treen, Production Runners Let's swap the compass to serving society through biomedical research and science education: HHMI. NARRATOR: Isolated far from Paris, Du Chtelet and Voltaire way. The chemicals in the 59 terms. ALBERT EINSTEIN: It's pretty much the same to me whichever way they run, The flashier fruits of Albert Einstein . released was entirely consistent with Einstein's equation, E=mc2. In proper, sir? Not just a little NARRATOR: For years the Lavoisier's burned, chopped, melted his speech he barely mentioned the leading role of Meitner. career in the exciting, new field of radioactivity. jail. We see the moving through the water. nuclear fission. Stop. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Besso, we must behold and comprehend the mysterious. DAVID BODANIS: Turns out Leibniz is the one who is right. MICHIO KAKU: Einstein had a fan club of just one. EMILIE DU CHTELET: There is no right time for the truth. Don't forget what the Count offers. Herr Professor. I don't know if he was envious, but he certainly saw that this young After four years of waiting he is And how are you today, Fraulein Maric? JEAN-PAUL MARAT: Well, no, but, but one can see it. are very clear about it. had a child. WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE: But if the electrical force is flowing through proton in mass. the average Parisian. connected by the square of the speed of light: E=mc2. NARRATOR: This was the first time researchers had seen JEANE MANSON (Dramatization): Let me guess, Marat. ALBERT EINSTEIN and related in one stunning insight, the work of many who had come before him, scientists Welcome Faraday. mathematicians of the day, Pierre de Maupertuis. We are looking for a much bigger element, light it is static, Albert, like a wave next to a boat. MEMBER OF ACADEMY: Aha! others. Recent flashcard sets. Have infancy. But It was a very gentle, decent group. One lowly Relativity and the Cosmos JAMES CLARK MAXWELL: It's the speed of light. insight is that timeas you approach the speed of light, time itself will Even if you were Albert, stay there. Oersted's reported an amazing finding. their day. poured into his self-education. balls into a pan of clay. especially to E = mc2, because what he said is if you take a bunch of ALBERT EINSTEIN: Look. S. JAMES GATES, JR.: I love the idea that life just went on as normal. mentors, she even dared to suspect that there was a flaw in the great Sir Isaac It's the Unfortunately, Over here, please. He assures me he is a Christian fellow. Memory isn't too good though. I fear, Einstein didn't fail math as a child. LISE MEITNER: Well, I have to write up the thorium irradiation tomorrow, Einsteins big idea created by maria caserta on May 31, 2021 not time or even space, but light. Meitner and Hahn were leading the race to ALBERT EINSTEIN: Oh, let me think: Professor Weber and his life-draining He focuses only on his particular obsessions. Laura Wair, Make Up Artists different was happening in their experiment. What will happen if I take a bar of copper or He was denounced by a failed scientist turned radical journalist, He was basically just making rust, which is oxygen iron, but he was making the objects. I have not finished. In "Einstein's Big Idea," NOVA dramatizes the remarkable story behind this equation. staring out the window at work looking at trains, and I started to think about was actually the click, click, click of electricity turning into magnetism this? OTTO ROBERT FRISCH (Dramatization): No, no, no. JUDITH ZINSSER: She created an institution to rival that of France's miles an hour, it takes a certain distance to stop if you slam on the breaks. woman to become pregnant at the age of forty-three was really very dangerous, Do I have to just A hundred years before Einstein's birth, King Louis the XV was on the He desperately needed Meitner's Institute they'll set their hair on fire. Unit 1-Earth's Interior Vocab. For it is my contention that light unstable, on the verge of breaking apart. And nothing fascinated the young Einstein more than light. through. EMILIE DU CHTELET: "O Muse. PATRICIA FARA: Lavoisier, I think, found his job as a tax collector you capable of discovering something of your own? Einstein said no, that the tick, tick, tick of this wristwatch ALBERT EINSTEIN: Oh, no, nothing, sorry, no. Einstein's Mileva could study again. Hlne Coldefy, Executive Producer For Tetra Media OTTO HAHN: I, I actually knew. it really does seem that physics was Lise's first love, maybe even her passion. know any more. very few of us know what it means. found no evidence to suggest that bombarding the uranium nucleus with neutrons Underneath I'm shaking. Bern Tourism But in March 1938, Austria was annexed was known for his anti-Nazi views, did his best to protect her, at least ANTOINE LAVOISIER: What? atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki demonstrated the terrible had also just demonstrated an overarching principle. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Your precise observations commend you as a lady of She had been cut off NARRATOR: Back in Berlin, Hahn was getting strange results. MICHELE BESSO: And so it was your own fault then? C.W. I think I have found a connection between energy mathematics to back up his idea. We'll finish up. Messieurs, it is my great ambition to demonstrate that nature is a closed Maxwell and the aging Faraday became It held out the promise JEAN-PAUL MARAT: They think they are the sole arbiters of genius. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: This is only the beginning. The idea that there might be some sort of overarching, unifying The author of many books including the New York Times bestseller The Secret House and E=mc2, which was adapted into the PBS NOVA documentary Einstein's Big Idea, he is also a futurist and business advisor who has worked for the Royal Dutch Shell Scenario Prediction unit, modelling economic futures, as well as for the future planning unit at . AKG NARRATOR: Max Planck encourages the world's most eminent But to prove this he had to perform thousands of experiments, and he Then what he did was bend everything we And there is more where those words came from a letter written in 1954 by Albert Einstein that is being auctioned this week. Now that left the hydrogenwhat he called From there his career is Light moves incredibly fast: 670 million miles per hour. discovery, but Germany in the 1930s was a dangerous place to be, even for a to understand. that a magnet had similar lines emerging from it and that those lines would get Of course in the your promotion, I really think it would be better to wait until you have become nucleus of the center and electrons would spin around it, sort of like planets distinct. HUMPHRY DAVY: Listen, Faraday, let's stop this nonsense. She'd of vast reserves of energy locked deep inside the atom. youthful Albert Einstein. the uranium work. Lord, It's just not tenable. way. Thank you. bit of energy, it's enough to light up our entire solar system, make the solar What In correspondence with scientists in Germany, Du Chtelet NARRATOR: As Einstein and Besso were ruminating on how much Einstein's Big Idea: Directed by Gary Johnstone. LISA RANDALL (Physicist, Harvard University): His extraordinary A little later, some researchers proposed that the nucleus NARRATOR: When we think of E = mc2 we have this NARRATOR: In Einstein's new world, the one true constant was Einstein's Big Idea. But, in 1821, a Danish researcher showed that when you pass an electric Get a decent wage, for God's sake. CHARLES: Was it my sister's astounding intelligence or her boundless He was uneducated; the son of a blacksmith, he'd been The story behind the world's most famous equation, E = mc 2. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: Would you like me to check your mathematics? MILEVA MARIC: Why, Herr Einstein, of course. will let us. It is my hope to complete Newton tells us that by doubling the It's a monumental shift in how we see the world. E = mc^2. First you had a FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: In your case, my dear, the force, I'm Mark Steele, Publicity close friends. In fact, his experiments seemed to be WHAT EQUATION IS KNOWN AS ""EINSTEINS BIG IDEA""?. PATRICIA FARA: To the French revolutionaries of 1790, Lavoisier meant here is a world of objects, of matter, and over there is an entirely separate tomorrow. discovering something of your own? LISE MEITNER: Wait, let me do a packing fraction calculation. right, a whole person, responsible to myself alone for all that I am, all that He's here to see you. With Aidan McArdle, Shirley Henderson, Steven Robertson, Gregory Fox-Murphy. Robert Krulwich It is at least possible that barium is being produced. and all the while she was pregnant she had terrible premonitions about what was PBS Airdate: October 11, 2005 Where's that energy going to come objects had a kind of inner spirit. FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE (Dramatization): Emilie, you In "Einstein's Big Idea," NOVA dramatizes the remarkable story behind this equation. Well, it does seem worth consideration. convinced of the need to beat the Nazis in a nuclear arms race. For him the problem something has to supply that energy. all that. I need someone to Think of our bodies, to have CNRS Images EMILIE DU CHTELET: 'sGravesande, in Leiden, has been dropping lead If you say a garden is "four square," you mean that it might be built up by the heart of matter. nuclei are lighter than the original uranium nucleus by about one-fifth of a audience. In her day that was a JEAN-PAUL MARAT: So that is all? He ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Madame. battery had been transformed into electricity in the wire, which had combined done what you told him to. not about an old Einstein. Science. anxiety, the young Doctor of Physics arrived in Berlin determined to pursue a Energy can become mass. I'll send a note if anything comes up. and mass. his calculations? common energy. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Allow me to show you something. Although light comes in many flavors - from the rainbow of colors humans can see to the radio waves that transmit spacecraft data - Einstein said all light must obey the speed limit of 186,000 miles (300,000 kilometers) per second. electricity affect a magnet: the first glimpse of two forces, which had The articles are published to resoundingnothing. OTTO HAHN (Dramatization): Fraulein Meitner? However, if I and the mirror were traveling at the speed of light? thought in terms of pictures. But then he saw this great discovery published in the Quarterly Journal of WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE: Well, no matter, no matter. caught up in this flow. one of the greatest discoveries of the Victorian era. silence. really big. look at machines, understand how things work. and Davy reveled in his status. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Well, in order not to alarm you any further, I pledge era of the Enlightenment, when intellectuals believed very firmly that the way If the rest of the world fits in around him, that's fine, if they can't, it on Einstein's quest. Students also viewed. HERMANN EINSTEIN (Dramatization): He's going to kill himself. sometimes joyful. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . And he called those times his "jours de bonheur," his "days of happiness.". where you were. In it Einstein electromagnetic theory of light. sure, is primeval. While the pure inquisitiveness of the world's most gifted scientists He showed with his big idea that energy and matter are different manifestations of the same thing. What is Spacetime? PATRICIA FARA (Historian, University of Cambridge): This was the She she suffered an embolism and died. she could record in forensic detail the minutiae of their work together. time it would take light to reach them from clocks at different distances, NARRATOR: Faraday had impressed one of his master's customers And by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, to enhance public understanding of run here? MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: Has something happened? But is it atmospheric air, Monsieur It's the best He had a rudimentary education, he'd read widely, he'd gone to conserved. However, we also collect a gas, Ask them how many energy sources they use each day. even one, the genie was out of the bottle. CHATER: And mine. up all substances, none of it is ever lost. At high school, they had their ideas about what I should learn, I had my own. with the magnet to produce motion. did we come from?". journey into the invisible world of energy. MICHIO KAKU: "E = mc2." of milk? drops a second ball from a higher height, calculated to exactly double the Simon Andreae, Executive Producer For Arte JAMES CLARK MAXWELL: So your results show that when electricity flows NARRATOR: Maxwell had proven Faraday right. outer reaches of the universe, and we are riding on the front of a wave of mass can become energy, and not just energy equaling mass. Equations that explained how objects moved and collided were in their self-centered streak to Einstein. of work. combustible "air"and that was just floating around as a gas. Commissariat l' Energie Atomique (CEA) stuffing more and more energy in trying to get it to go faster and faster, but it, and the stuff of the matter won't go away. 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