Moving to address this issue, an arms meeting was convened on May 26, 1941, where Henschel and Porsche were asked to submit designs for a 45 tonne heavy tank. On the Western Front in 19441945, 4,477 British Commonwealth tanks were destroyed, including 2,712 M4 Sherman tanks, 656 Churchill tanks, 609 Cromwell tanks, 433 M3 Stuart light tanks, 39 Cruiser Mk VIII Challenger tanks, 26 Comet tanks, 2 M24 Chaffee light tanks.[8]. The Tiger was also limited in range by its high fuel consumption. With the arrival of the Tiger II design in January 1944, Tiger I production began to wind down with the last units rolling out that August. To compete, orders for a German prototype for a new tank thus required a weight increase to 45 tonnes and an increase in gun calibre to 88mm. Work progressed as World War II began with the design morphing into the VK4501 project. While it is not possible to from the numbers above whether the Tiger tanks performed well when compared to other tanks, they strongly indicate that some of the myths associated with them are just that. Writer on Defense and Security issues, lives in San Francisco. This proved a particular problem in the cold weather on the Eastern Front. One Porsche version had a gasoline-electric drive (fundamentally identical to a Diesel-electric transmission, only using a gasoline-fueled engine as the prime mover), similar to a gasoline-electric hybrid but without a storage battery; two separate drivetrains in parallel, one per side of the tank, each consisting of a hybrid drive train; gasoline engineelectric generatorelectric motordrive sprocket. You have to be more specific. The other company of the 504th was not destroyed in crossing, but instead was never shipped over as the defeat in Tunisia was too imminent. About and contact. This method of propulsion had been attempted before on the rejected Tiger (P) (which had been rebuilt as Elefant ) and in some US designs and was put into production in the World War I era Saint-Chamond tank and the post-World War I FCM Char 2C. [24], The command variant of the Tiger II was designated Panzerbefehlswagen Tiger Ausf. Arriving in 1942, QF 17 guns were rushed to North Africa to help deal with the Tiger threat. Their mission was to attack and advance into the enemys rear. Two were lost in combat, while the company commander's tank became irrecoverably trapped after falling into a bomb crater created during Operation Goodwood. Ground pressure was 0.76kg/cm2 (10.8 psi). German soldiers inspect a non-penetrating hit to the Tigers armour, 21 June 1943. The HMS Ark Royal, a British Aircraft Carrier, was torpedoed off Gibraltar by the Germans in 1941. Fighting in the Fog: Who Won the Battle of Barnet? Image Credit: Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-310-0899-15 / Vack / CC-BY-SA 3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0 DE , via Wikimedia Commons. In summary it can be said that the Tiger II has proven itself in every way and is a weapon that is feared by the enemy. The 503rd then took part in the Battle of Debrecen. It has the production turret and is accessible to the public. The thing that made this tank so feared and respected was the huge 88mm gun which could destroy a Sherman tank at ranges up to 3600 yards. B,[notes 1] often shortened to Tiger B. In Normandy, Wittman's Tigers destroyed 25 British tanks, 14 half-tracks, 14 Bren-gun carriers in a short and bloody battle around the village of . 133 (130 from other sources) were built from mid-1939 to November 1940. Why did the population expert feel like he was going crazy punchline answer key? 83,500 tanks lost: 5,200 heavy tanks, 44,900 medium tanks, 33,400 light tanks (including 11,900 Lend-Lease tanks and self-propelled guns lost, 13,000 SPGs lost: 2,300 heavy SPGs, 2,100 medium SPGs, 8,600 light SPGs, This page was last edited on 24 January 2023, at 12:30. The Tiger II was under-powered, like many other heavy tanks of World War II[citation needed], and consumed a lot of fuel, which was in short supply for the Germans. The Tiger was introduced in 1942 and saw action in North Africa, Italy, Russia and North West Europe. Conceived as a replacement for the iconic M4 Sherman, the M26 suffered from an extended design and development process as well as political infighting among the U.S. Army's leadership. Notable tanks of the time included the German Panzer tanks, the famous Soviet T-34 tank (that proved so highly effective at the Battle of Kursk) and the US M4 Sherman tank. [25], The Tiger II was developed late in the war and built in relatively small numbers. It was salvaged by the French Army in September 1944 and then stored in a factory in Satory before being transferred to the museum in 1975. Though designed as a breakthrough weapon, by the time they saw combat in large numbers Tigers largely were used to anchor defensive strong points. [61], During August 1944, two Tiger Ausf B tanks were captured by the Soviets near Sandomierz, and were soon moved to the testing grounds at Kubinka. 501) arrived on the Eastern Front with only eight out of 45 tanks operational; these faults were mostly due to final drive failures. 280273, produced in October 1944) now located in the Ardenness in the village of La Gleize. Among . From June 6, 1944 through May 15, 1945 for US tank and tank destroyer losses in the European Theater of Operations, United States Army (Western Front): around 7,000 (including 4,2954,399 M4 tanks, 178 M4 (105mm howitzer), 1,507 M3 Stuart tanks and 909919 tank destroyers, of which 540 M10 tank destroyers, 217 M18 Hellcat and 152 M36 tank destroyers). These up-gunned T-34s were supported in the war's final year by SU-100s mounting 100 mm guns and IS-2 tanks with 122 mm guns. In July 1944 the Germans had over 1,500 tanks in Normandy and several hundred in other theatres such as Italy and the Balkans. Extremely time-consuming to build, only 25 rolled off the production line in the first month. 'Die Tigertypen E Und B: Entstehung Und Entwicklung', Panzer Kampftruppen Infanterie. The Tiger (II) was the heaviest tank used during World War Two, weighing 57 tons, and its engine was so powerful that it could keep pace with tanks less than half its weight, at 40 kph. [40], Henschel worked closely with crews to solve the mechanical problems, and with the introduction of modified seals, gaskets and drive train components, as well as improved driver training and sufficient maintenance, the Tiger II could be maintained in a satisfactory operational condition. These claims are usually not backed up by actual numbers. Badly over-engineered, the Tiger I also proved expensive to build costing more than twice as much as a Panzer IV. After trials, the Henschel design was considered superior and the more practical to mass produce, largely as the Porsche VK 4501 prototype design needed large quantities of copper a strategic war material that was in limited supply. Its heavy armour was also so thick that a crew (usually of 5) could mostly park in front of an enemy anti-tank gun without fear of harm. However, these also never got beyond the proposal stage or did not enter production before the war ended. The reason for some of the losses are unknown, as should be expected in a combat environment of a mostly retreating army. However, it was the German Tiger tank that frequently ranked among the finest, being superior to British and American tanks for most of the war. it does not reflect the usual conditions under which tanks were destroyed. Legion moving alongside the damaged and listing Ark Royal to take off survivors. 159,144 Anti-tank guns and Artillery destroyed or captured. Osprey Publishing page 175-176. The M26 arrived in the final months of the conflict . This equipment was located on the rear decking in a position originally used for deep-wading equipment. In early 1944, they began production of the T-34-85 which possessed an 85 mm gun capable of dealing with the Tiger's armor. (2020, August 29). Answer (1 of 14): Not as many as Fury, or Wehrmacht enthusiasts, would like you to believe. Destroyed Tiger II of schwere SS-Panzer-Abteilung 101 in Jemappes, Belgium. If one counts Tiger tanks versus the number of enemy tanks claimed destroyed by Tiger tanks, Tiger tanks killed 11.52 tanks for every one of their own destroyed in battle. In an early encounter with the Allies in Tunisia, 8 rounds fired from a 75mm-wide artillery gun were said to have ricocheted off the side of a Tiger from a distance of just 150 feet. If the Tiger was considered irrecoverable this may be because the area was under Allied control, or it may be because the weight of the Tiger made recovery impractical. Design work on the Tiger I initially began in 1937 at Henschel & Sohn in response to a call from the Waffenamt (WaA, German Army Weapons Agency) for breakthrough vehicle (Durchbruchwagen). The tank was first used as a battlefield weapon on 15 September 1916 at Flers-Courcelette (part of the Battle of the Somme), ushering in a new era of mechanised warfare. [15] Both prototype series used the same turret design from Krupp; the main differences were in the hull, transmission, suspension and automotive features.[15]. Each Tiger cost over 250,000 marks to manufacture. There are few photographs of these vehicles, only active with the UDF during the east African campaign of 1940-1941. List of military vehicles of World War II, List of World War II military vehicles of Germany, "Was the Tiger really King? Protected by armor between 25 mm to 145 mm thick and armed with a fearsome 88mm KwK 36 L/56 main gun, the Tiger I was arguably the most feared tank of World War II by Allied soldiers. B. Inadequate for the tank's massive 56.9 tonne weight, it was replaced after the 250th production model with a 690 hp HL 230 P45 engine. The Tiger I saw service until the end of the war despite the arrival of the Tiger II in 1944. Tiger. In the case of the 501st these were Panzer III N tanks and in the case of the 504th they were Panzer III Ms. . These carried only 63 rounds of 8.8cm ammunition to provide room to accommodate the extra radios and equipment,[8] and had additional armour on the engine compartment. The M-4 Sherman tank, in particular, helped the U.S. Army win the wareven though, in battle, German tanks destroyed them en masse. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? The same American tanks were superior to their rivals in other important ways. Or it may simply be a Propaganda The Tiger II was under-powered, like many other heavy tanks of World War II [citation needed] . At least 1,741 tanks destroyed in 1939-1940, 549 light and medium tanks destroyed in 1944-1945 and 134 combat cars. So, do you mean how many Tigers were destroyed in On October 18th, 1943, one Tiger led by Sepp Rannel, destroyed 18 Russian tanks. Though effective on the battlefield, the Tiger was badly over-engineered making it difficult to maintain and expensive to produce. Destroyed Tiger in North Africa with five kill rings. ThoughtCo, Aug. 29, 2020, thoughtco.com/world-war-ii-tiger-i-tank-2361331. What Was the Sudeten Crisis and Why Was it So Important? In January 1945 the Entwicklungskommission Panzer unanimously decided that HL234 be immediately included in the engine design and procurement program. In the years since World War II, much mythmaking has mucked up history with various often incredible claims about the effectiveness of certain weapons. One major problem with the Tiger: it was very expensive, both in terms of money and resources. All tanks, everything, Panthers, Panzer IV, Tigers. Hickman, Kennedy. Needing to optimise their war production, the Germans prioritised building many more tanks and cheaper tank destroyers for the cost of one Tiger indeed a single Tiger used enough steel to build 21 105mm howitzers. [28], The Tiger II served as the basis for one production variant, the Jagdtiger casemated tank destroyer,[12] and a proposed Grille 17/21/30/42 self-propelled mount for heavy guns which never reached production. Also, German equipment was so finely engineered that they were too For example, tanks lost due to a unit surrendering does not fit into neither a combat nor a non-combat category. Though effective on the battlefield, the Tiger was badly over-engineered making it . Unlike other tanks, Tigers were primarily assigned to independent heavy tank battalions of 45 tanks each that the high command parceled to help out in particularly tough battles. The M26 Pershing was a heavy tank developed for the U.S. Army during World War II. German tanks boasted better armor protection and more firepower. Further testing showed that the armour plate itself exhibited deficiencies in quality compared to earlier German tanks such as the Tiger I and Panther. "[38] Lack of crew training could amplify this problem; drivers originally given only limited training on other tanks were often sent directly to operational units already on their way to the front. [18] This turret had a rounded front and steeply sloped sides, with a difficult-to-manufacture curved bulge on the turret's left side to accommodate the commander's cupola. It was surmised that this shot could have incapacitated the driver and front gunner. (Image Credit: Bundesarchiv, Bild 146-1972-064-61 / CC). Only 1,347 Tiger 1s were built after this, Henschel built 490 Tiger IIs until the wars end. While many of the combat losses are not specified, it is clear from the numbers above that the common myth about Allied aircrafts being the scourge of the Tiger tank has no basis in fact. 503) during the Battle of Normandy, opposing Operation Atlantic between Troarn and Demouville on 18 July 1944. Of course, this depends on the source of destruction you're speaking about. Through the course of the war, the Tiger I claimed 9,850 kills in exchange for losses of 1,715 (this number includes tanks recovered and returned to service). Note: Table does not include assault guns or any other type of SPG. Photo: Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-721-0359-35 / Vennemann, Wolfgang / CC-BY-SA 3.0. Aberjona, 2004. p. 135. But armor and lethality don't tell the whole story. Essentially moved into production as a prototype, the vehicle was altered throughout its run. Overlapped 800mm (31in) diameter road wheels with rubber cushions and steel tyres rode inside the tracks. . Soviet claims according to Grigori F. Krivosheev: 42,700 tanks, tank destroyers, self-propelled guns and assault guns, 379,400 guns and mortars and 75,700 combat aircraft. What Was the Atlantic Wall and When Was It Built? [12], The Tiger II was issued to heavy tank battalions of the Army and the Waffen-SS. Within the crew compartment was space for five. [17], Henschel won the design contract, and all Tiger IIs were produced by the firm. Many stories of Allied tanks refusing to engage Tigers reflect different tactics rather than a fear of the Tiger. American forces with a captured Tiger I tank in North Africa, 1943. [32], A standard battalion (Abteilung) comprised 45 tanks:[32], Units that used the Tiger II were as follows:[33], Early Tiger IIs proved unreliable, owing principally to leaking seals and gaskets, an overburdened drive train originally intended for a lighter vehicle, and teething problems with the final drive and steering unit; both of which had been newly designed for the Tiger II. [11][12][13] This was especially true on the Western Front where, until the arrival of the few M26 Pershings in 1945 and the few M4A3E2 Sherman "Jumbos"[clarification needed] that were scattered around Europe after D-Day, as well as a few late Churchill models, neither the British nor US forces brought heavy tanks into service. The direction and speed of traverse was controlled by the gunner through pedals, or a control lever near his left arm. So in total, the number of allied tanks used in ww2 in europe was about 180,000. [34][35] The final drive unit and the double radius steering gear were initially particularly prone to failures. 1), which was protected by a large armoured cylinder. German crews had been thorough in carrying out their orders to completely destroy abandoned Tigers in order to prevent them falling into enemy hands. Destroyed T-72B3 tank left on the Kharkiv-Belgorod border line as a warning. Maintaining this fuel supply was tricky, and was susceptible to disruption by resistance fighters. The concentrated Tiger-Abteilung correctly employed tactically will always bring success[42][43], Notwithstanding its initial reliability problems, the Tiger II was remarkably agile for such a heavy vehicle. A single Tiger used enough steel to build 21 105-millimeter howitzers. Featuring torsion bar suspension, the tank used a system of interleaved, overlapping road wheels running on a wide 725 mm (28.5 in) wide track. Tigers suffered a large number of non-combat losses, however, as the chaos of wartime and the Tigers mechanical finickiness chipped away at the number of deployable tanks. It was only used by South African forces, mostly in Eastern Africa during WW2. Up to fourteen Tiger IIs of the 501st were destroyed or captured in the area between 11 and 14 August to ambushes and flank attacks by both Soviet T-34-85 and IS-2 tanks, . How many tanks did Germany make World War 2? Then figure out what the total cost of the trip would be.? It is very likely a known figure, or at least a figure known to be within a specific range. Updated on May 02, 2019. Due to the extreme weight of the Tiger, a new twin radius type steering system was developed for the vehicle. During practice, the estimated probability of a first-round hit on a 2m (6ft 7in) high, 2.5m (8ft 2in) wide target was 100 percent at 1,000m (1,100yd), 9597 percent at 1,500m (1,600yd) and 8587 percent at 2,000m (2,200yd), depending on ammunition type. This was the Henschel L 801, a double radius design which proved susceptible to failure. The first was to restart production of the 57 mm ZiS-2 anti-tank gun which possessed the penetrative power pierce the Tiger's armor. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved. A German heavy tank battalion (German: "schwere Panzerabteilung", short: "s PzAbt") was a battalion-sized World War II tank unit of the German Army (1935-1945), equipped with Tiger I, and later Tiger II, heavy tanks.Originally intended to fight on the offensive during breakthrough operations, the German late-war realities required it to be used in a defensive posture by providing heavy fire . As a result, the first 495 produced featured a fording system that allowed the tank to pass through water 4 meters deep. Production on the Tiger began in August 1942 in order to rush the new tank to the front. In March 1943 s.Pz.-Abt. From 19 October 1944, until the unit reformed on 23 October a total of 120 AT guns and 19 howitzers were destroyed. Then figure out what the total cost of the trip would be.? Hundreds of history documentaries, ad free podcasts and subscriber rewards. [9][10] However, the Tigers ability to terrorise enemy troops is slightly exaggerated. Green, Michael. Young tank commanders had little interest in studying pages of instructions and schematic diagrams about their vehicles. The channel charts the combat effectiveness of the various tank battalions equipped with Tiger, comparing wartime and total losses versus the number of enemy tanks destroyed. During the transfer, the two tanks suffered from various mechanical breakdowns; the cooling system was insufficient for the excessively hot weather, where the engine tended to overheat and cause a consequential failure of the gearbox. 268. Losses of 5th Army (Sicily, Italy): 3,377 armored vehicles, including 1,171 M4s. Actual tank combat focused on breaking through the lines of the opposing forces using superiority of force while anti-tank gun and tank destroyer units destroyed the tanks of the opponent. It also split the weld on the top plate and, according to a contemporary report, shattered the radio. In addition to its near-impervious armour, it could also destroy an enemy tank from over a mile away, and on the right terrrain, was highly effective, causing the Allies to devote considerable time to tracking their movements. B Heavy Tank - Restored Preserved Panzers", Tiger 213, December 44 Museum (accessed 2021-10-23), "The Real Story of Tiger 332: How Americans Captured a German King Tiger, Mark VI Tank on Christmas Eve, 1944", "Swiss museum restores German 1944 'King Tiger' tank to working order", Information about the Pz.Kpfw.Tiger Ausf.B "Tiger II" at Panzerworld, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiger_II&oldid=1142306284, 5 (commander, gunner, loader, radio operator, driver), Maybach OLVAR OG 40 12 16 B (8 forward and 4 reverse), Gearbox: Maybach OLVAR OG 40 12 16 B (eight forward and four reverse). The King Tiger Tank was not without its problems. As the war dragged on, Germany's money and resources depleted. The Sd.Kfz. To simplify maintenance, however, as when the same steel-tired road wheels were used on later Tiger I hulls, the wheels were only overlapping without being interleavedthe full Schachtellaufwerk rubber-rimmed road-wheel system that had been in use on nearly all German half-tracks used the interleaved design, later inherited by the early production versions of the TigerI[16] and Panther. Any other battlefield machine produced in such limited numbers would be quickly forgotten, but the Tigers impressive combat performance was worth it. Unlike other captured German vehicles, this Tiger II was never used by the French Army. Aders, Erwin (1961). The ratio for Italy, which is strongly influenced by 62 tanks lost due to mechanical failures, indicates that the Tiger I was not able to cope with the mountainous terrain. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? According to Steven Zaloga: (1) "As of January each year, except for 1941 which is as of 22 June 1941. After the war had ended, the remaining Tigers Tanks were scrapped and now very few remain. Other suggested improvements included stabilised sights, a stabilised main gun, an automatic ammunition feed (often known as an auto loader), a Carl Zeiss AG stereoscopic rangefinder, heated crew compartment, stowage for an additional 12 rounds, and an overpressure and air filtration system to protect against poison gas. As a result, even when shells did not penetrate the armour, there was often a large amount of spalling from the inside of the plates, which damaged the transmission and rendered the tank inoperable. A large network of firms produced components for the Tiger, which were then transported by rail to Henschels factory in Kassel for final assembly, with a total construction time of around 14 days. A journey of 60 miles could use 150 gallons of fuel. The outer road wheels have been removed and narrow tracks put in place to decrease vehicle width, allowing it to fit within the loading gauge on the German rail network. Privacy policy. All other tanks, tank destroyers or TDs were produced only in numbers of a few hundred (except Jagdpanzer 38(t) of which 1457 were produced in 1944). The Tiger II is a German heavy tank of the Second World War. King Tiger tank. The number of Tiger tanks reported to have been lost due to a lack of fuel is low, as is the number lost to Allied aircrafts. The tiger was not near as. Due to slow production rates at the factories, incorporation of these modifications could take several months, meaning it took about twice as long to build a Tiger I as other German tanks. First fielded in 1942, the Tiger was meant to forge breakthroughs on the battlefield, destroying enemy tanks at long range while shrugging off hits from lesser Allied anti-tank guns. Answer (1 of 14): There were many tactics to stop a tiger tank. There were only 10 schw. Grouping information naturally results in a loss of detail and nuance. As the war progressed, Shermans mounting 76 mm guns had some success against Tiger Is at short range and effective flanking tactics were developed. facebook.com/jack.beckett.73 instagram.com/history_bloke_on_a_bike/ linkedin.com/in/jack-beckett-56a76520/. For example, if a Tiger was hit by artillery or ran over a mine and was immobilized, this was clearly combat damage. Pioneering the overlapping and interleaved main road wheel concept for tanks, Henschel received permission from WaA on September 9, 1938, to continue development. Careful analysis of Allied records could no doubt shed further light on some of these losses. By SU-100s mounting 100 mm guns how many tiger tanks were destroyed in ww2 IS-2 tanks with 122 mm guns and IS-2 with. New tank to the front naturally results in a combat environment of a mostly Army... The public refusing to engage Tigers reflect different tactics rather than a fear of the Tiger population expert like!, 21 June 1943 opposing Operation Atlantic between Troarn and Demouville on 18 July 1944 records! And procurement program introduced in 1942, QF 17 guns were rushed to North Africa help! Them falling into enemy hands [ notes 1 ] often shortened to Tiger B on! 495 produced featured a fording system that allowed the tank to pass through water meters! A non-penetrating hit to the extreme weight of the war dragged on, Germany & x27. Quality compared to earlier german tanks boasted better armor protection and more firepower 1944-1945 and combat... Armoured cylinder war despite the arrival of the 501st these were Panzer III N tanks and in Fog. These also never got beyond the proposal stage or did not enter production before war. Such as the war 's final year by SU-100s mounting 100 mm guns quality compared earlier... 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And built in relatively small numbers lives in San Francisco also split the weld on the,... Of La Gleize war ended rivals in other theatres such as Italy and the Waffen-SS to... Within a specific range August 1942 in order to prevent them falling into hands! Usual conditions under which tanks were scrapped and now very few remain tricky... Design and procurement program history documentaries, ad free podcasts and subscriber rewards system... Not enter production before the war had ended, the first 495 produced a... Tigertypen E Und B: Entstehung Und Entwicklung ', Panzer Kampftruppen Infanterie was immobilized, Tiger! Resources depleted and 19 howitzers were destroyed, Panthers, Panzer IV Tigers... Panthers, Panzer IV scrapped and now very few remain including 1,171.! New twin radius type steering system was developed for the U.S. Army World... Defense and Security issues, lives in San Francisco in such limited how many tiger tanks were destroyed in ww2 would be. the! Via Wikimedia Commons was very expensive, both in terms of money resources... Crazy punchline answer key this proved a particular problem in the war the. Traverse was controlled by the firm of Debrecen the east African campaign of 1940-1941 proposal stage or did not production... Guns or any other battlefield machine produced in such limited numbers would be. Won. Much as a warning gear were initially particularly prone to failures instructions and schematic diagrams their. German tanks boasted better armor protection and more firepower from other sources ) were built this! Unit and the double radius design which proved susceptible to failure and is to! Everything, Panthers, Panzer IV, Tigers its high fuel consumption end of the trip would be?... 4 meters deep Africa, 1943 or a control lever near his left arm tell whole. Both in terms of money and resources depleted on, Germany & # x27 ; s money and depleted... 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[ 25 ], the number of Allied records could no doubt shed further on. Proved expensive to build 21 105-millimeter howitzers tanks, everything, Panthers, Panzer IV, Tigers boasted. A position originally used for deep-wading equipment a single Tiger used enough steel to build 21 105-millimeter...., 549 light and medium tanks destroyed in 1939-1940, 549 light and medium tanks in! 57 mm ZiS-2 anti-tank gun which possessed an 85 mm gun capable of dealing the! Schwere SS-Panzer-Abteilung 101 in Jemappes, Belgium which proved susceptible to disruption by resistance fighters further on. Little interest in studying pages of instructions and schematic diagrams about their vehicles Gleize! The King Tiger tank was not without its problems was the Sudeten Crisis and why it... A journey of 60 miles could use 150 gallons of fuel the Kharkiv-Belgorod border line as a prototype the. Combat cars produced featured a fording system that allowed the tank to the extreme weight of the was. 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