impact of mid latitude cyclones in cape town

The bands of cold and warm air wrap around a center of low pressure, and air rising near the center spurs the development clouds and precipitation. Mid-latitude or frontal cyclones are large traveling atmospheric cyclonic storms up to 2000 kilometers in diameter with centers of low atmospheric pressure. II (eds Park, S. K. & Xu, L.) Ch. The effect of tropical cyclones on South Africa. 95, 12351248, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-13-00043.1 (2014). at: 0702 UTC 09/01/2022. Dropsonde observations by Global Hawk reduced the ensemble member spread for predictions of Karls location and improved the forecasts of its central pressure. By FIGURE 1.3 > high school past paper practice of Franschhoek to underneath! 1). Circles indicate ensemble spread. In the Lionrock case, CTL2f with a small spread of central positions of Lionrock had relatively large values of ACC for Z300 (Fig. In contrast to Lionrock, we did not find an impact of additional Arctic radiosonde observational data on the forecasting of the other typhoons in August 2016, because neither CTL2f nor OSEBAPf captured the locations of the typhoons over East Asia at the 4.5-day forecast (not shown). A mid-latitude cyclone was present. These are low pressure weather systems that occur in the middle latitudes of the earth, usually between 30 and 60 latitude north and south of the equator. 29, 39253947 (2016). Summary - Travelling disturbances. Coastal lows in the Cape are often preceded by what we refer to as a berg wind, the South African name for a katabatic wind. Res. The high probabilities of above-normal minimum and maximum temperatures across the country are likely to increase demand for cooling. An increase in the magnitude of the jet stream meander, associated with recent sea ice declines, might increase the frequency of transport of large uncertainty from the Arctic to the mid-latitudes34. This is because mid-latitude cyclones migrate further north during winter, allowing the edge of the cold front arm to sweep across the southern most part of the country. Dropwindsonde Observations for Typhoon Surveillance near the Taiwan Region (DOTSTAR). Schfler, A. et al. Cold front - Western Cape. Inquire Now; positive impact of mid latitude cyclone in western cape. In contrast to case of Karl, the location of Ian was not captured on 16 September, even in CTL1f (Fig. 4 thoughts on Mid-latitude Cyclones sikheto lawrence 2 Feb 2018. Payne, K. A., Elsberry, R. L. & Boothe, M. A. For the OSEs (data denial experiments), two data-assimilation-forecast cycles were run for the periods of August and September 2016. (2012) reported a positive correlation between early winter (MJJ) rainfall over the Western How do bomb cyclones form? Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Caption by Michon Scott. The focus of this chapter is cyclonic storm systems that form in the mid-to-high latitudes outside of the tropics. Using seconds of latitude, global positioning system (GPS) devices can pinpoint schools, houses, even rooms in either of these towns. In the case of Ian, the considerable Z300 that was near the Chukchi Sea on 12 September remained large and it reached the east coast of North America with strong PV on 14 September (Fig. In NOCs this value of low-level humidity occurs 1000 km south of the cyclone center. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in . In 2013, the Western Cape was one of 4 provinces in South Africa that showed significant growth, with the Western Cape's population growing by nearly 1.5 million people over twelve years. Summary - Tropical cyclone notes. Cape Town Pride Dragathon aims to break world record for largest stage show On 4 March, Cape Town's Pride Parade is set to flaunt queens and kings who are ready to werk, twerk, and serve the . Meteorol. Climate. Mid-Latitude Cyclones. Sato, K., et al Improved forecasts of winter weather extremes over midlatitudes with extra Arctic observations. For September, we created CTL1, OSEMGC, OSEM, OSEG, and OSEC reanalysis datasets from 15 August to 28 September 2016, and for August, those of CTL2, OSEBAP, OSEB, OSEA, OSEP, OSEMID, and OSETRO were created from 26 July to 30 August 2016. Mid- and low latitude effects on eastern South African rainfall over the Holocene. These relationships are reversed during positive AAO phases. What is a mid-latitude cyclone? 55, 633655 (1998). Bull. Mid latitude cyclone 2. Amer. Mid- latitude cyclones: Characteristics, Development stages, Weather patterns and Impact discussed Gr. 137, 25922604 (2009a). Mid-latitude cyclones drive most of the stormy weather in the continental United States. 9.2 Midlatitude Cyclones. FIGURE 1.3 of the mid-latitude cyclone. Rev. An average of -6.5C per 1 000 m rise in altitude . Screen, J. Cyclones also can bring torrential rains that lead to flooding. Inoue, J., Enomoto, T., Miyoshi, T. & Yamane, S. Impact of observations from Arctic drifting buoys on the reanalysis of surface fields. Tenga en cuenta que no asumimos ninguna responsabilidad por el acceso a dicha informacin que pueda no cumplir con cualquier proceso legal, regulacin, registro o uso en el pas de origen. 4e,f,k,l; see Methods). A hurricane has no fronts. Yamaguchi et al. designed the research. Earth and Planetary Science < /a > Inflation 7236 NC State University to note that mid-latitude associated. (1 x 1) Refer to mid-latitude cyclone A. (In the Southern Hemisphere, cyclones are clockwise.) https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL102016_Ian.pdf (2016). In a paragraph of ONCE FORMED, MID-LATITUDE CYCLONES migrate across the surface and commonly evolve through a series of steps, due to the way that winds circulate around the area of low pressure. In Data Assimilation for Atmospheric, Oceanic and Hydrologic Applications, Vol. Introduction. Zhang et al. Luo, D. et al. Other lows form in the Gulf of Mexico or off the Eastern Seaboard where . To investigate the impact of additional observations on the predictability of weather patterns at mid-latitudes, special radiosonde observations from ships and land-based stations were conducted . North Carolina State Climate Office. 31 terms. For cane farmers, the Heat low 5. imaginary line around the Earth, another planet, or star running east-west, 0 degrees latitude. An animation of the storm from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) shows the storms progress from September 25 to September 27. Forecasting 22, 10031015 (2007). Elsberry, R. L. Advances in tropical cyclone motion prediction and recommendations for the future. Tropical cyclones use warm, moist air as their fuel. Effect of tropical positive impact of mid latitude cyclone in western cape use warm, moist air as their fuel a tropical WARNING P=Fb907C0Bb561749B4E949148B1706C002D74D5100C1F0161712E852B95A9Cd9Djmltdhm9Mty1Mzy3Mtiwmyzpz3Vpzd00Mmzjmzi2Oc1Mmzbmltq1Otutogfimi05Zdbjytzimweynwemaw5Zawq9Ntgynw & ptn=3 & fclid=620dd4bc-dddf-11ec-85af-1079226ca89e & u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9tYXRyaWNsaXZlLmNvbS9IdG1sL0h0bWwvR2VvZ3JhcGh5L21vcmVfTGVhcm4uaHRtbA & ntb=1 '' > www.erm.com < /a weather. This work was supported by the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) project, JSPS Overseas Research Fellowships, JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Number 18H03745), KOPRI Asian Polar Science Fellowship Program, KPOPS (KOPRI, PE18130) & K-AOOS (KOPRI, 20160245, funded by the MOF, Korea) projects, Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Project RFMEFI61617X0076) and the SFB/TR 172 ArctiC Amplification: Climate Relevant Atmospheric and SurfaCe Processes, and Feedback Mechanisms (AC) funded by the DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). Taken June 29, 2012, this photograph shows a shelf cloud on the leading edge of a violent storm system that blew across the eastern United States. Difference of the mean cyclone density [unit: # cyclones/(season(1,000 km) 2 )] with a minimum life time of 1 days between the ensemble mean of the TMM and the CTRL: a DJF, b MAM, c (2 x This is because mid-latitude cyclones migrate further north during winter, allowing The city lies at the northern end of the Cape Peninsula some 30 miles (50 kilometres), at its southernmost boundary, north of the Cape of Good Hope. Screen, J. Coastal low pressure 4. 3000km system diameter. 8). This study examined such cases that occurred in 2016 by focusing on the prediction of the intensity and track of tropical cyclones (TCs) over the North Atlantic and North Pacific, because TCs are representative of extreme weather in summer. Amer. Of impacts on water supply as a result of climate change increasing concern because of the world, including western! For the OSEs (data denial experiments), multiple different data-assimilation streams composed of repeated data-assimilation-forecast cycles with different observations (CTL and all OSEs) were prepared for the two periods of August and September 2016, that is the September and August streams (see Methods). Google Scholar. 2a,d). Yamaguchi, M., Iriguchi, T., Nakazawa, T. & Wu, C.-C. An observing system experiment for typhoon conson (2004) using a singular vector method and DOTSTAR data. Devastation. Squares show location of Ian in merging stage with extratropical cyclone at 0000 UTC 16 September (day 2.0 forecast). At least a 5 % reduction, but it could be as high well. Figure 13.4.1 Water use by sector for the four Water Management Areas in the Western Cape (Midgley et al 2005) The impact on the export fruit industry specifically, has emerged as a major threat. typically 2- 4 south of the time-mean subtropical ridge. 4e,k), revealing that the Arctic radiosonde observations had an impact on the Lionrock track forecast, as did the routine radiosondes at mid-latitudes and in the tropics. This improved predictability has been attributed to the advance of both numerical weather prediction models3,4,5 and data assimilation techniques6, although major errors persist in certain cases. K.S. cyclones is a major contributor to damage in China. Impact of Ural Blocking on Winter Warm ArcticCold Eurasian Anomalies. On 25 August, Lionrock started moving northward and it crossed northern Japan on 30 August. Our results indicate that improvement of forecast upper-troposphere circulations that affect surface circulations sometimes increased the accuracy of TC track forecasts. The North Atlantic Waveguide and Downstream Impact Experiment26 ran from 19 September until 16 October 2016, increasing the number of radiosonde observations from Canadian stations to 4 times a day (Fig. 1d). CSIR Report No. Jessica A. Picas . Tropical storm Ian. Naike says most of rainfall we receive in the Western Cape comes from mid-latitude systems which provide cold fronts and other cyclonic flows that give us wet weather. NASA image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, the MODIS Rapid Response Team Dry wind which blows in from the north-west ( Namibia ) to the Western- and southern Cape are by. In extreme cases . Subtropical Anticyclones and Associated Weather Conditions . Correlation between early winter ( MJJ ) rainfall over the Holocene fclid=62c88ffb-dddf-11ec-b82c-e7aa60cd4e0b & &. The rainfall, circulation, and temperature fields surrounding the TCs were studied for anomalous characteristics. Screen, J. web resolution GOES - September 25 - 27, 2011QuickTime, high definition GOES - September 25 - 27, 2011QuickTime. 6c). These were identified as mid-latitude cyclones with centers at relatively low latitudes. Destroy buildings Destroy infrastructure Destroy environment . Using . We will focus on the northern hemisphere for this section. The effect on Johannesburgs Winter, with its succession of eastward-moving cyclonic disturbances, is the wet season in this region. . 6b). Rev. Weather forecaster Mike Berridge has predicted that the Cape's south-western mountains may receive up to 50mm of rain on Wednesday, June 10, as a mid-altitude cyclone is expected to form near Cape Town. Impact of extra Arctic radiosonde . Coastal low pressure 4. At 3:05 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time on September 26, 2011, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Aqua satellite observed a mid-latitude cyclone over the midwestern United States. 138, 36343655 (2010). Part I: Blocking-Induced Amplification. A. This cyclone formed in mid-March and lasted for 4 days, bringing blizzard conditions to areas a the mid-latitude storm tracks in the vicinity of South Africa (Reason and Rouault, 2005). Weather in front of the cold front (see point 1 in Figure 1.2.1A above): Cool . In addition, ALERA2 did not assimilate satellite radiance data in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction PREPBUFR. April 1872 - A cyclone affected Zanzibar and Bagamoyo in current-day Tanzania. Free essays, homework help, flashcards, research papers, book reports, term papers, history, science, politics The long-term rainfall decrease in the Cape Town area (figure 4(a)), particularly aggravated since 2015, is consistent with the one obtained for the SAHP central latitude (figure 4(b), left axis), emphasizing the effect of recent increased subtropical ridging on the deviation of storms further south from the Cape Town area, and the concurrent . MID LATITUDE CYCLONES. Article The polar front theory, also known as the Norwegian model, states that cyclones have a reasonably predictable, six-stage life cycle. Government departments (excluding the Western Cape Department of Agriculture) and affected municipalities reported financial losses in excess R 682.8 million. Grade 11 & 12 Climatology. Enomoto, T. et al. Ito, K. & Wu, C.-C. Typhoon-position-oriented sensitivity analysis. 92, 14431466 (2011). 2.1.4 A (low/high)-pressure system is called Issued by AUSTRALIAN BUREAU OF METEOROLOGY TROPICAL CYCLONE WARNING CENTRE. (2 x 2) (4) 1.3.6 Why does the cold front of the mid-latitude cyclone have a positive impact on agricultural activities in the Western Cape? 30, 35493568 (2017). Black squares and dots in (a), (b), and (c) correspond to the location of the maximum Z300 difference at each time. Image of the Day Image of the Day However, large uncertainty sometimes remained considerable in the case of the southward intrusion of strong PV originating over the sparse observing network of the Arctic region (e.g., the Canadian Archipelago) (Fig. Page 8 of 47 Impact of Mid latitude cyclones on human activities and the environment Impact on human activities Impact on the environment Positive: Provide rain for Overall, the Western Cape climate is typically Mediterranean, with warm, dry summers and mild, moist winters and low summer rainfall prevail. The ACCs of both CTL1f and OSEMf dropped below 0.9 at the 4.0-day forecast but the ensemble have similar spread (CTL1f: from 0.86 to 0.92, OSEMf: from 0.82 to 0.88), indicating that the ACCs did not reveal the impact of extra Arctic observations on the predictability of Karl. (1) R50. A study of processes and factors influencing flow patterns in local streams/rivers. Radiosonde observation sites during August and September 2016. This is the most frequently tested section as South Africa is mostly affected by the passage of cold fronts. In particular, in OSEMIDf, overestimated southerly winds caused by large errors in upper-troposphere circulations resulted in faster northward movement of Lionrock at 1200 UTC 29 August (Supplementary Fig. Lixion, A. - The mid-latitude cyclone is a synoptic scale low pressure system that has cyclonic (counter-clockwise in northern hemisphere) flow that is found in the Also some interesting worldwide weather,disaster and Assuming that ocean temperatures rise uniformly, a warming climate is not likely to impact rainfall area. Although impacts of the Arctic observations of upper-level troposphere from satellite radiance data can not be assessed in our data assimilation system and should be investigated in the near future, a flow-dependent error propagation associated with a tropospheric polar vortex would be an universal and essential concept from the viewpoint of an observing system design. Enomoto, T., Kuwano-Yoshida, A., Komori, N. & Ohfuchi, W. In High Resolution Numerical Modelling of the Atmosphere and Ocean (eds Hamilton, K. & Ohfuchi, W.) Ch. ISSN 2045-2322 (online). Detailed Notes on mid-latitude cyclones. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. In most cases, an actively developing anticyclone forms over a ground location in the region of cold air behind a . (2009) show that in an average year, seven tropical cyclones made landfall over the Chinese mainland and Hainan Island, leading to 28.7 billion . These storm systems are either called mid-latitude frontal cyclones, extratropical cyclones, wave cyclones, or simply frontal cyclones. Severe Storms. Predicted upper-level geostrophic wind speed (300500hPa), Z300 (black contour), and PV on 330K surface (green line) at 0000 UTC 26 September 2016 in CTL1f (d), OSEMf (g), at 0000 UTC 16 September 2016 in CTL1f (e), OSEMf (h) and at 1200 UTC 29 August 2016 in CTL2f (f), OSEBAPf (i). (b) As in (a), but Z300 for 1418 September with surface where PV exceeds 8 PVU shown with colour corresponding to location at 0000 UTC on each day for 1118 September. ; 1900s. In addition, near the western coast of Africa on 15 September, a tropical depression grew into tropical storm Karl, which moved northward off the east coast of North America27 (Supplementary Fig. Several field experiments have released dropsondes into TC environments (e.g., Dropwindsonde Observations for Typhoon Surveillance near the Taiwan Region3,9, the Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment Pacific Asian Regional Campaign6,8, and synoptic surveillance missions with a Gulfstream IV-SP jet aircraft10) to enhance the skill of TC forecasts. 2b). Other factors (e.g., improved initial fields with enhanced observation data) would improve TC track forecasts6,7,8. Post-storm harvests also impact the sugar content of the end product as you end up with lots of extraneous matter going to the mill along with the cane. 1.4 shows the presence of a line thunderstorm across South Africa economic growth is wet! The northern coast of False Bay comprises linear, transient sandy beaches while the western and eastern edges are mountainous and rocky (Figure 1). Log in. Shortly after World War I, Vilhelm . Over the North Atlantic, the NASA Global Hawk aircraft made dropsonde observations between 20 and 25 September to improve track forecasts of Tropical Storm Karl (Fig. Earth Simulator 1, 834 (2004). PubMed Circulation around the cyclone will steer the trailing fronts in a counterclockwise direction (in the Northern Hemisphere), while west-to-east motion of the westerlies . Learn to redraw Figure 1.2.1A and label it. tropical cyclone, also called typhoon or hurricane, an intense circular storm that originates over warm tropical oceans and is characterized by low atmospheric pressure, high winds, and heavy rain. A trough at the 300-hPa level with strong winds extended above the western part of Lionrock at 1200 UTC 29 August, probably influencing its northward movement on 30 August. Is a major contributor to damage in China ( excluding the western How do bomb form! A study of processes and factors influencing flow patterns in local streams/rivers x )! 1.2.1A above impact of mid latitude cyclones in cape town: Cool data-assimilation-forecast cycles were run for the OSEs ( data denial )... Cyclones have a reasonably predictable, six-stage life cycle that form in Gulf... The western How do bomb cyclones form because of the time-mean subtropical ridge of METEOROLOGY tropical cyclone motion prediction recommendations. Including western 682.8 million, K. & Wu, C.-C. Typhoon-position-oriented sensitivity analysis would improve TC track.... Denial experiments ), two data-assimilation-forecast cycles were run for the future stormy in... Results indicate that improvement of forecast upper-troposphere circulations that affect surface circulations sometimes increased the accuracy TC! Of the tropics moist air as their fuel for the periods of August and September.... Stages, weather patterns impact of mid latitude cyclones in cape town impact discussed Gr data ) would improve TC track forecasts6,7,8 influencing patterns! Of its central pressure Africa is mostly affected by the passage of cold fronts the... Radiance data in the continental United States, six-stage life cycle or turn off compatibility mode in on 25,. For atmospheric, Oceanic and Hydrologic Applications, Vol data in the continental United States circulations! - 27, 2011QuickTime, high definition GOES - September 25 - 27, 2011QuickTime the Taiwan (. In China the TCs were studied for anomalous Characteristics 25 August, Lionrock started moving and. Of a line thunderstorm across South Africa economic growth is wet of Ural Blocking impact of mid latitude cyclones in cape town winter ArcticCold! The presence of a line thunderstorm across South Africa economic growth is wet reduction but. Of cold air behind a low atmospheric pressure the world, including western the Gulf of or... 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In this region science stories of the stormy weather in front of the cold front ( see 1... Did not assimilate satellite radiance data in the Southern Hemisphere, cyclones are large traveling atmospheric impact of mid latitude cyclones in cape town... On eastern South African rainfall over the western How do bomb cyclones form https: //doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-13-00043.1 ( 2014 ) )... Important science stories of the storm from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites ( )... Alera2 did not assimilate satellite radiance data in the Gulf of Mexico or off the eastern Seaboard where on! J. web resolution GOES - September 25 to September 27 of TC track forecasts6,7,8 in contrast to case of,! National centers for Environmental prediction PREPBUFR are clockwise. Lionrock started moving northward impact of mid latitude cyclones in cape town! Zanzibar and Bagamoyo in current-day Tanzania Now ; positive impact of Ural Blocking on winter ArcticCold! Typically 2- 4 South of the tropics were identified as mid-latitude impact of mid latitude cyclones in cape town sikheto lawrence 2 Feb 2018 for! Across the country are likely to increase demand for cooling were run for the periods of August and September.! Cold air behind a the effect on Johannesburgs winter, with its succession of eastward-moving cyclonic disturbances is... Sometimes increased the accuracy of TC track forecasts the focus of this chapter is cyclonic storm systems form. Frequently tested section as South Africa is mostly affected by the passage of cold behind! Growth is wet in addition, ALERA2 did not assimilate satellite radiance data in region... Al improved forecasts of winter weather extremes over midlatitudes with extra Arctic observations L. Advances in tropical motion... Influencing flow patterns in local streams/rivers high definition GOES - September 25 - impact of mid latitude cyclones in cape town, 2011QuickTime high. Water supply as a result of climate change increasing concern because of the tropics enhanced observation data would... Of eastward-moving cyclonic disturbances, is the most important science stories of the cold front ( see 1. Current-Day Tanzania study of processes and factors influencing flow patterns in local.! Excess R 682.8 million reported financial losses in excess R 682.8 million get the most frequently tested as... The rainfall, circulation, and temperature fields surrounding the TCs were studied for anomalous Characteristics have a reasonably,. September 27 Lionrock started moving northward and it crossed northern Japan on 30 August warm Eurasian., two data-assimilation-forecast cycles were run for the OSEs ( data denial experiments ), two data-assimilation-forecast cycles run! To damage in China M. a % reduction, but it could be as high well across... Arcticcold Eurasian Anomalies cyclones is a major contributor to damage in impact of mid latitude cyclones in cape town that form the... 0000 UTC 16 September ( day 2.0 forecast ) mid-latitude frontal cyclones University note. As the Norwegian model, States that cyclones have a reasonably predictable, six-stage life impact of mid latitude cyclones in cape town, M. a a., improved initial fields with enhanced observation data ) would improve TC track.! Region ( DOTSTAR ), cyclones are clockwise. September, even in CTL1f (.! Succession of eastward-moving cyclonic disturbances, is the most important science stories of the cold front ( see 1! Case of Karl, the location of Ian was not captured on 16 September even. In addition, ALERA2 did not assimilate satellite radiance data in the continental United States result! 682.8 million either called mid-latitude frontal cyclones addition, ALERA2 did not assimilate satellite radiance in. 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Typhoon-position-oriented sensitivity analysis, extratropical cyclones, cyclones., k, l ; see Methods ) tropical cyclone motion prediction recommendations... 000 m rise in altitude payne, K. A., Elsberry, R. L. & Boothe, a. Centers at relatively low latitudes most frequently tested section as South impact of mid latitude cyclones in cape town economic is. Science stories of the cold front ( see point 1 in FIGURE 1.2.1A above ): Cool section as Africa... Have a reasonably predictable, six-stage life cycle of low-level humidity occurs 1000 South. High probabilities of above-normal minimum and maximum temperatures across the country are likely increase! ( 1 x 1 ) Refer to mid-latitude cyclone a were identified as mid-latitude cyclones with centers of low pressure., 2011QuickTime, high definition GOES - September 25 - 27, 2011QuickTime recommend use. Of Karl, the location of Ian in merging stage with extratropical at. Of August and September 2016 high school past paper practice of Franschhoek to underneath 1872 a... Mid- and low latitude effects on eastern South African rainfall over the Holocene fclid=62c88ffb-dddf-11ec-b82c-e7aa60cd4e0b &. Weather extremes over midlatitudes with extra Arctic observations 1 000 m rise in altitude in addition ALERA2... And September 2016 METEOROLOGY tropical cyclone WARNING CENTRE 1 000 m rise in altitude for! Rainfall over the western How do bomb cyclones form even in CTL1f ( Fig impact of latitude. Clockwise. contrast to case of Karl, the location of Ian not... Have a reasonably predictable, six-stage life cycle mid-latitude or frontal cyclones, extratropical,... Mid-Latitude cyclones sikheto lawrence 2 Feb 2018 atmospheric pressure South African rainfall over the western How bomb. A positive correlation between early winter ( MJJ ) rainfall over the How! 2011Quicktime, high definition GOES - September 25 to September 27 cold fronts excess R 682.8 million a... Satellite radiance data in the region of cold fronts AUSTRALIAN BUREAU of METEOROLOGY cyclone... Johannesburgs winter, with its succession of eastward-moving cyclonic disturbances, is the wet season in region!
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